Basic skills on reading

Basic skills on reading
 在我們的閱讀量不斷加大加深的同時,同學們可能經(jīng)常感到拿到文章時無從下手,抓不到主題,尤其是遇到生詞,細節(jié)也無從了解。因此老師將所總結的幾點閱讀基本技巧告訴大家,這是從宏觀上理解一篇文章的很實用的幾種方法。
閱讀的基本技巧(Basic reading skills)
1.    先看標題(heading),如果有副標題(sub-heading),尤其是每個小段落前面的小標題都要看,通過它們可以預測文章的主題和內容。大家可以試著讀一些英文報紙,去看那些為了吸引你的注意力而變換了顏色或字體的標題,通常我們決定去看哪一篇文章是通過標題的內容判斷的,因為你的大腦自然會去預測文章的內容,并告訴自己是否對它感興趣。
2.    看插圖,圖表,照片(diagrams or pictures)等諸如此類。它們可以對文章內容做進一步解釋,比如報紙上的照片和說明文中的圖例或表格,圖片的下面通常附有簡短的文字,也要仔細看。
3.    如果是較長的文章,第一段和最后一段可以先讀,而且要讀懂。因為通常它們是有總結概括性的,從中可以得出文章梗概(outline)。
4.    同樣的道理,對于一段文章,通常它的第一句和最后一句也一定要看懂。它們被叫做主題句(topic sentences),而其它擴充解釋主題的句子叫做support sentences。我們可以看一下這篇文章:
Modern ideas are beginning to influence the Eskimos, but not enough to make much difference to their way of life. They still spend the winter in igloos, the round huts that are built of snow frozen hard. They still travel on sleds that are pulled by dogs. The winter is too cold for hunting, so during that season they live on the stores of seal meat that they have killed in the summer. But seal meat is not the only kind of food that they eat. In summer they hunt bears and reindeer, a type of deer with long branching horns that is used for its milk, meat and skin. They also fish all the year round. The Eskimos who are hunters in summer are fishermen in winter. In winter they make holes in the ice and catch their fish through the holes that they have made. The Eskimos are adaptable. That is why they are able to live in Arctic regions.
文章首句是講現(xiàn)代思想正在開始影響愛司基摩人,但愛司基摩人的生活方式并沒有因此有多大改變。段中開始講述他們具體是怎樣生活的,包括住所,交通方式,食物及其來源。段尾總結:愛司基摩人耐力很強,這就是他們能夠生活在北極地區(qū)的原因。首尾句是典型的topic sentences, 段中的句子是support sentences, 文章結構一目了然。
5. 我們繼續(xù)看這篇文章。結構清楚了,但大家會發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些十分生僻的單詞還會影響我們的理解,這時我們還有一種方法叫做inference,這就是通過上下文來判斷這個單詞的含義。先看igloo這個單詞,它的后面就是解釋the round huts that are built of snow frozen hard用凍實的雪建成的圓形小屋,結合我們的背景知識,可以判斷igloo為愛司基摩人住的雪屋。還有reindeer這個詞,也可以通過同樣的辦法,它后面a type of deer with long branching horns that is used for its milk, meat and skin 一種鹿,長著長長的分叉的角,從它們身上得到奶,肉和皮毛。這就是馴鹿。大家試一試,判斷一下文中sled這個詞的意思。

作者:teacher時間:2007-11-14   

本文關鍵字:Basic skills reading Basicskil